In some cases, Bhujal Abhiyan focuses on improving irrigation water-use efficiency while also generating water-saving improvements. -use productivity and farmer incomes, which result in a worsening of the groundwater resource balance as a result of:
1. Replacing major groundwater irrigation-return flows with increased field-level evaporation/evapotranspiration (in spray irrigation) (occurring in flood irrigation).
2.Enabling the expansion of irrigation command and the actual area under cultivation (due to the capacity of pressurized water delivery).
3.Making it possible for farmers to deepen wells and pump groundwater against higher hydraulic heads by facilitating the introduction of higher-value crops.
The use of groundwater and surface water in tandem, taking advantage of the comparative advantages of both, is referred to as conjunctive use in the Bhujal Abhiyan.
Examples include:
-using surface water for inefficient flood irrigation to boost aquifer recharge during the wet season.
-using groundwater for irrigation during dry periods to supplement the normal surface water supply.